The interactional analyses between bored piles, geotechnical anchors and ground showed that the relative stiffness of the bored compressive loaded piles does not essentially influence their bearing capacity, while it is very important for the bearing capacity of tensile loaded geotechnical anchors. Multipoint loading increases the bearing capacity and reliability of geotechnical anchors, which depends on relative stiffness of their tie length. The results of the researches were used for the design of the new geotechnical anchor, for which we win the patent with title "Pre-stressed geotechnical anchor of variable stiffness". The results of interactional analyses between embedded retaining structures and ground show that all theoretically available resistances in the ground cannot be activated in some limit states. This leads to the design of embedded retaining structures with overestimated structural and underestimated geomechanical safety. On the base of new cognitions complement model of activated influences and resistances and new procedure of geomechanical analysis of embedded retaining structures, which enables structure design of comparable safety level, was made. The suggested analytical procedure enables the usage of the mathematical programming methods to design optimal design solutions. New procedure of evaluating three-dimensional passive soil pressures enables more accurate determination of lateral bearing capacity of individual piles, caissons and retaining structures with gapped piles or caissons. The mechanical properties of the saturated cohesive soils depend on free pore water content, while the whole water content depends mainly on soil composition. Significant are the empirical expressions that enable determination of fluid and plasticity consistency limits based on the fixed soil mineralogical characteristics, as well as the calculation of undrained shear strength and the deformability estimation based on water content and mineralogical composition of cohesive soils. The results of performed statical and dynamical researches of some selected geological-geotechnical materials are significant for remedial measures to decrease endanger of the population, environmental and material goods due to the bigger landslides and other natural disasters.