Periodontitis is characterized by periodontal tissue destruction, including the alveolar bone. One of its critical components is the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides from sensory nerve endings innervating the periodontium. Since nerve growth factor (NGF) has been reported to up-regulateneuropeptides in sensory neurons, we hypothesized that it would be increased in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats, and that systemic NGF neutralization would reduce the periodontitis-associated alveolar bone resorption. Real-time PCR analysis disclosed a statistically significant time-dependent up-regulation of NGF mRNA in gingiva during 2 weeks of periodontitis. Interestingly, NGF up-regulation was also detected in the contralateral gingiva. In addition, immunohistochemistry of trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the gingivomucosa demonstrated increased expression of TrkA receptor for NGF. Systemic anti-NGF treatment during periodontitis significantly reduced interleukin-1beta expression in gingiva and bilateral alveolar bone resorption. This suggests that NGF promotes periodontal inflammation and implicates a possible use of anti-NGF treatment in periodontitis.
COBISS.SI-ID: 26759641
Background: Periodontitis, activated by oral bacteria and orchestrated by innate immune response, is regulated by primary nociceptive neurons, which are generally considered to have small- to medium-sized perikaryons. Bacterial byproducts (e.g., lipopolysaccharides) activate primary nociceptive neurons directly through Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Therefore, this study aims to morphometrically characterize rat trigeminal neurons, which express TLR4, and to investigate the changes in the TLR4 expression in neurons during periodontal inflammation. Methods: Trigeminal neurons innervating gingivomucosa were identified by application of the retrograde tracer hydroxystilbamidine into the gingival sulcus of the maxillary molar in 14 rats. Periodontitis was induced by ligature around the same molar in seven rats. TLR4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections of the trigeminal ganglia (TG). Semiquantitative method was used to identify the intensity of TLR4 expression. Results: In the control group without the ligatures, TLR4 was detected in 19% of the neurons in the maxillary region of TG and in 29% of neurons innervating gingivomucosa. Expression of TLR4 was more frequent and intensive in small- to medium-sized neurons than in large-sized neurons. One week after ligature-induced periodontitis, the percentage of TLR4-positive neurons in the maxillary region and among the neurons innervating inflamed gingivomucosa significantly increased statistically to 32% and 41%, respectively. Conclusions: TLR4 is predominantly, but not exclusively, expressed in smaller trigeminal nociceptive neurons in the rat. Experimental periodontitis upregulates TLR4 expression in the trigeminal neurons. The hypothesis that bacterial byproducts regulate the pathogenesis of periodontitis by activation of trigeminal nociceptors through TLR4 should be explored.
COBISS.SI-ID: 31572697
Development of a novel method for 3D evaluation of bone and mucosal changes in removable partial denture (RPD) foundation area. A fusion of CBCT and optical 3D images for two time points were utilized. 3D models of bone and surface were created from CBCT images and gypsum casts, respectively, spatially aligned and saved in STL file format 3D color-coded deviation maps were used to visualize and facilitate qualitative evaluation of bone and surface changes. Numerical analysis of differences between the models allows evaluation of surface, mucosal and bone changes expressed with thickness and volume in regions of interest (ROI). Site-specific analysis could also be performed. The proposed method is an excelent platform for evaluation of time related changes in maxillofacial region associated with growth and development, disease and healing dynamics in soft (gingiva, mucosa) and mineralized tissues (bone and teeth). It opens wide possibilities in periodontology, prosthodontics, endodontics, cariology, orthodontic, and implantology.
COBISS.SI-ID: 5868460
Root canal shaping is performed with nickel-titanium instruments rotary instruments. Torsional or fatigue overload of instrument results in its fracture, representing a complication during treatment. Recent studies demonstrate that reciprocating motion increase instrument longevity and reduce the probability of instrument fracture. However, the effect depends on rotation angles and rotational speed. The need for kinematics evaluation was expressed in recent papers but it was not performed due to technical difficulties. In our study we propose an innovative approach of reciprocating motion analysis. A high speed video camera with a frame rate of 1000 fps was use for recording of reciprocating motion, enabling accurate quantitative analysis of kinematics. We described a reciprocating cycle, containing four distinct phases and found a significant difference between actual and manufactures’ declared kinematics parameters. Accurate evaluation of kinematics parameters facilitates their optimisation aiming to increase safety of clinical use
COBISS.SI-ID: 1286572
The book provides chapters on sex hormones and their modulation in neurodegenerative processes and pathologies, from basic molecular mechanisms, physiology, gender differences, to neuroprotection and clinical aspects for potential novel pharmacotherapy approaches. The book contains 14 chapters written by authors from various biomedical professions, from basic researchers in biology and physiology to medicine and veterinary medicine, pharmacologists, psychiatrist, etc. Chapters sum up the past and current knowledge on sex hormones, representing original new insights into their role in brain functioning, mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The book is written for a broad range of audience, from biomedical students to highly profiled medical specialists and biomedical researchers, helping them to expand their knowledge on sex hormones in neurodegenerative processes and opening new questions for further investigation.
COBISS.SI-ID: 33786585
Objective: Aim of this intercentre study was to compare sagittal facial growthin children with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated with different surgical protocols. A first evaluation had been carried out at the age of 6 years, now the patients have been re-evaluated at the age of 10 years. Material and method: 22 patients had been analyzed in centre 1, 32 patients incentre 2. All patients had presurgical orthopaedics. Centre 1 had lip repairat the age of 3 months and one-stage palatal closure with 1 year. Centre2 had lip repair with 6 months, soft palate repair at 12 and hard palaterepair at the age of 30 months. Sagittal growth was evaluated on lateralcephalograms. As control, data of 35 non-cleft children were used. Statistical analysis was carried out with student's t-test, multiple comparisons with Bonferroni. Results: There was considerably normal sagittal facial growth in centre 1, with tendency of forward growth of the mandible. Incentre 2 there was a slight decrease in sagittal maxillary and mandibular growth with unchanged intergnathic relation. There was no statistically significant difference in sagittal growth between the centres. A re-evaluation has to be carried out after the final growth spurt.
COBISS.SI-ID: 28250073
In the field of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment of periodontal disease, data on single or double additional aFDZ were published, however,there was published data of additional three-fold aFDZ effect in initial periodontal treatment. Our study included 27 systemically healthy non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. Periodontal pockets ? 4 mm and BoP positive, were treated either manual scaling and root planing or ultrasonic scaling (US) or US and additional aPDT. The presence of five periodontal pathogens in the pockets was determined using a commercially available micro-IDent test. All three treatment modalities resulted in significant clinical improvement. The additional use of PDT did not lead to further improvement in terms of reducing the depth of the pockets and obtaining a clinical attachment, but resulted in a significant reduction in BOP after 3 and 12 months compared to US or SRP. After 6-month aPDT reduced the proportion for Treponema denticola significantly more than US or SRP. We have found that additional, multiple aFDZ treatment additionally improves microbiological parameters and bleeding on probing as an indicator of inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.
COBISS.SI-ID: 31752665
In the field of treatment of periodontal disease with high-energy lasers, there were numerous reports of clinical trials with individual lasers, therefore, in our study, a combination of two lasers was used. We evaluated the microbiological and clinical results of non-surgical treatment with scaling and root planing (SRP), the combination of Nd: YAG and Er: YAG lasers or laser treatment with Er: YAG laser. The study involved 60 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis who were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups of 20 patients. The first group was treated by hand-instrument (SRP group), the second group was treated with Er: YAG laser (group Er), and the third group received combined treatment with Nd: YAG and Er: YAG lasers NdErNd group)). Microbiological samples were analyzed with PET Plus tests. The largest reduction in the total number of all bacteria after 6 months was achieved in the NdErNd group, a 93.0% reduction. The second place was Er: YAG laser (84.9%), while the SRP reduced the number of bacteria by half (46.2%). The combination of NdErNd lasers has proven to be the most effective method for reducing the depth of periodontal pockets and gaining in clinical attachment in medium-deep pockets. Combined NdErNd laser treatment further improved the microbiological and clinical results of non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis.
COBISS.SI-ID: 33766361