Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize facial and jaw morphology of children with Class III malocclusion in early mixed dentition. Methods: This study was conducted on 7- to 8-year-old Caucasian children, 48 children with Class III malocclusion and 91 children with normal occlusion. Surface images of faces and study casts were obtained using laser scanning. Two average facial templates were constructed for the males and females in the control group. The facial images were superimposed on the corresponding average templates. Facial parameters, palatal volumes, and gingival surface areas were measured and group differences were quantified. The analysis of variance was used for statistical evaluation of the measured parameters. Results: The results revealed shorter lower face height (P ( 0.001), concave facial profile (P ( 0.001), retruded maxilla (P ( 0.001), protruded mandible (P ( 0.001), retrusive mid-face restricted area (P ( 0.001), reduced gingival surface area of the maxilla (P = 0.013), and reduced maxilla/mandible gingival surface area ratio (P ( 0.001) in the Class III group compared to the control group. There were no differences between the groups in upper face height, restricted areas of the upper and lower face, palatal volume, and gingival surface area of the mandible (P ) 0.05). Limitations: Regardless of the fact that the prevalence of Class III malocclusion is rather small, the sample size could be larger. Conclusions: Class III subjects show clinically relevant facial and jaws characteristics in pre-pubertal growth period. A comprehensive diagnosis should include transverse dimension analysis.
COBISS.SI-ID: 31716825
The aim of this study was to evaluate an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, in the functional assessment of carious teeth. 38 extracted human teeth with scores of 0, 3 and 6 according to International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria were screened and subsequently analyzed by MRI at 2.35 T. Histology sectioning of teeth was used for the gold standard by analyzing two extreme cases (intact and severely decayed). ADC maps of the same teeth were calculated from corresponding diffusion-weighted images and used to obtain ADC distributions along dental pulp as functions of the relative pulp length measured from the occlusal pulp side. The measured distributions were analyzed for the best fit by a four-parameter three-segment linear regression model for ADC distribution along the pulp. MRI results were in good agreement with findings in histological sections of identical teeth. The best fit model parameters, relative decayed region depth, relative transition region width and ADC values of intact and decayed pulp tissue, showed statistically significant differences between the ADC values of intact and decayed pulp tissue (1.0 % 10-9 m2/s vs. 0.74-0.89 % 10-9 m2/s) and the relative decayed region depth progressing with ICDAS score (3 vs. 46% with ICDAS 3 vs. ICDAS 6). The results of this feasibility study confirmed relevance of ADC mapping for the discrimination and localization of intact and decayed regions in dental pulps of carious teeth.
COBISS.SI-ID: 1673595
The decision which orthognathic procedure is best for a good aesthetic result in correction of skeletal Class III deformity is not always straightforward. Threedimensional imaging brings clear benefits in accurate measurements of facial morphology. The aim of this prospective study was to verify objectively whether postoperative changes occur in regions not directly affected with surgical movements of the underlying jaw bones. The study included 83 young adults with skeletal Class III deformity. According to the type of surgeryBSSO setback of the mandible, Le Fort I advancement of maxilla or a combination of both, they were classified into three groups. The preand postoperative optical scans were registered with regional bestfit on the area of forehead and both orbits. Shell to shell differences was measured and average distance between the observed regions calculated. According to the expectations, changes were the greatest in the regions where the underlying bones were moved, but regardless of the operation performed, changes were found.
COBISS.SI-ID: 1660588
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of subgingival ultrasonic scaling followed by repeated (three times) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), ultrasonic scaling alone (US), and scaling and root planing with hand instruments (SRP) for initial periodontal treatment. Twenty-seven non-smoking systemically healthy chronic periodontitis patients were included. Residual pockets )-4 mm deep and bleeding on probing were debrided either with SRP, US alone, or US followed by a single episode of PDT during supportive periodontal treatment. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were monitored over 12 months. The presence of five periodontal pathogens in the pockets was determined by a commercially available micro-IDent test. Intergroup and intragroup statistical analysis was performed. All three treatments resulted in a significant clinical improvement. Additional application of PDT to US failed to result in further improvement in terms of PPD reduction and CAL gain. However, it resulted in a higher reduction of BOP at 3 and 12 months comparing to US alone or SRP (PDT from 25 to 13 and to 9 %, US from 23 to 16 and to 12 %, and SRP from 17 to 10 and to 9 %, respectively). PDT reduced the proportion of positive sites after 6 months for Treponema denticola (TD) significantly more effectively than US or SRP (p(0.0001). Additionally, PDT resulted in a greater reduction of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA), Tannerella forsythia (TF), and TD in medium pockets (4-6 mm) (p(0.02) and of TD in deep pockets ()6 mm) compared to mechanical debridement alone (p(0.05).
COBISS.SI-ID: 31752665
Background:Swallowing pattern is important in the aetiology of unilateral posterior crossbite (ULCB). The aim of this study was to assess the swallowing pattern and tongue function during swallowing in children with ULCB in deciduous dentition using B-mode and M-mode ultrasonography.Materials and methods:Twenty-three children with ULCB, aged 4.1-6.6 years, and 22 children without ULCB, 5.7-6.7 years, were examined with simultaneous B- and M-mode ultrasonography. The swallowing pattern was assessed according to the action of genioglossus muscle in ultrasound images with the scan line of the ultrasound transducer set through the tongue tip. The tongue movements (duration, range, and speed) were compared within each subphase (I, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb) and in the entire swallowing cycle between the children with ULCB and without ULCB.Results:The visceral swallowing pattern was found in 83 per cent of children with ULCB and in 36 per cent of children without ULCB; the difference was statistically significant. The duration of phase IIb and the entire swallowing act was found to be statistically significantly prolonged in the ULCB group. Furthermore, the range of the tongue movement in phases and in the entire swallowing act was statistically significantly larger in the ULCB group. The speed of the tongue movement was statistically significantly higher in the ULCB group in phase IIa.Conclusions:The 2D ultrasonography was used to evaluate the prevalent type of swallowing in children with ULCB. Visceral type of swallowing pattern and the changed tongue function during swallowing seem to be important factors in the aetiology of ULCB.
COBISS.SI-ID: 30627801