Transportna logistika in rizični sistemi (Slovene)

In the logistic chains of Europe, especially in the last decade, the structure of costs was as follows: production costs participated with less than 10%, inventory costs on all stages of the supply chain have been 3 - times higher than production costs and transportation costs have been 6-times higher. In the globalization of the economies the modern world of risk and volatilities has evolved to the point, where we need more effective solutions. This is the reason why to put the attention on inventory and transportation control with better knowledge of risk management in logistic chains. The study of interaction between transportation networks and locations of activities has to be better understand and more effectively controled. Our papers are giving the answers how to improve the logistic chain mangement, using and improving operational research methods. In our studies various operating stages in the logistic chain (nodes of the chain) were presented by a simple model of material - transformation processing cell. In each cell the value is added and some costs appear. At each processing cell there is a supply and a demand and often both are stochastic by nature. Inventories are insurance against the risk of shortage of goods in each cell of logistic chain. They are limited by capacity of each processing node of the chain and transportation capability of input flow. Ordering the goods (input flow) in distribution centers were studied as a multiperiod, dynamic problem. The demand (output flow) during each period was considered as the stohastic variable which distribution is described with a certain probability function. Capacity planning in stochastic programming of logistic chains is suggested and supply chain coordination in spatial games was studied. Human resources are important factor in managing of the logistic chains. Optimization of the human resourrces in logistic chain management was studied having in mind the aging population and its influence on the cost of final consumption as well as on the spatial oligopoly position of supplier. GIS tools were studied to support the optimal decisions in public transport management. The interaction between location of activities and transportation networks has been broadly studied.